0-3歲嬰幼兒氣質向度的世代比較

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://dyhuir.dyhu.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/1511

Title:	0-3歲嬰幼兒氣質向度的世代比較
Other Titles:	A Generational Comparison of Temperament Dimensions in Infants and Toddlers Aged 0-3 Years
Authors:	董衍沂
Contributors:	龔美娟
Keywords:	世代比較;氣質;嬰幼兒;Generational Comparison;Temperament、Infants and Toddlers
Date:	2025
Issue Date:	2025-09-02T08:03:28Z
Publisher:	德育學校財團法人德育護理健康學院;幼兒保育系碩士班
Abstract:	隨著時代的變遷及政府少子化政策的推動，0至3歲嬰幼兒的發展日益受到社會關注。在教養理念方面，專家強調應先了解幼兒的氣質特徵，方能實施因材施教。然而，臺灣嬰幼兒的照顧型態近年已發生顯著轉變，由過去以家庭為主的照顧模式，逐漸轉向由專業托育人員於托嬰中心或社區公共家園提供照顧服務。此外，科技的快速進展與社會環境的變遷，也深刻影響嬰幼兒的成長背景與日常經驗。3C產品如智慧型手機、平板電腦等已成為幼兒生活的一部分，幼兒與數位裝置接觸時間顯著增加，此一現象可能對其活動量、規律性、注意力、社交互動與情緒表現產生潛在影響。基於上述背景，本研究旨在探討現今托嬰中心中0至3歲嬰幼兒之氣質發展現況，並以世代比較之方式，分析1987年與2024年間在不同年齡層與性別之嬰幼兒氣質表現的異同，以提供家長、教師及相關專業人員作為教養與照護策略調整之參考，並期能作為早期發現發展問題與介入之依據，促進幼兒整體身心健康發展。本研究採方便取樣，研究對象來自基隆市、新北市、臺北市、宜蘭市與桃園市之公私立托嬰中心與社區公共家園，由其主要照顧者填寫0-3歲嬰幼兒氣質量表，共計有效樣本1,062份。依嬰幼兒年齡分為三個階段：未滿1歲、1歲至未滿2歲、2歲至未滿3歲，並與國內慣常使用之徐澄清（1987）年氣質調查數據進行世代對照分析。研究結果顯示，2024年嬰幼兒在適應度、規律性、趨避性、堅持度、反應閾與注意力分散度等向度上之評分較1987年平均分數為高，顯示在這些氣質面向上存在明顯世代差異；情緒本質則呈現較負向的變化。整體而言，0-1歲男嬰在兩世代間的氣質表現變異較小，顯示初期氣質受外在因素影響尚不顯著；然隨年齡增長至1-3歲，嬰幼兒之氣質差異趨於顯著，其中尤以堅持度、注意力分散度、適應度與反應強度等向度為主要差異來源，並於男女嬰不同年齡階段中皆有具體展現。此一趨勢顯示，嬰幼兒氣質之發展與表現，可能隨社會與教養環境的演變而逐步顯現代間差異，亦突顯持續監測幼兒氣質變化之必要性與研究價值。 With the changing times and the government's policies in response to declining birth rates, the development of children aged 0 to 3 has garnered increasing attention from society. In terms of parenting philosophy, experts emphasize the importance of understanding young children’s temperament characteristics as a basis for implementing individualized teaching and care strategies. In recent years, Taiwan’s caregiving model for infants and toddlers has undergone significant changes, shifting from traditional family-based care to professional childcare services provided by caregivers in infant care centers or community-based public childcare facilities. Additionally, rapid technological advancements and shifts in the social environment have profoundly impacted young children's developmental contexts and daily experiences. Digital devices such as smartphones and tablets have become a part of early childhood life, leading to increased screen time, which may potentially affect children's activity levels, regularity, attention, social interactions, and emotional expressions.In light of this background, the present study aims to explore the current temperament development of children aged 0 to 3 in infant care centers, and to conduct a generational comparison of temperament characteristics between children born in 1987 and those in 2024 across different age groups and genders. The findings intend to provide a reference for parents, teachers, and related professionals in adjusting caregiving and educational strategies. Furthermore, the study aspires to serve as a basis for the early detection of developmental issues and timely intervention, thereby promoting the overall physical and mental health of young children.This study adopted a convenience sampling method. Participants were selected from public and private infant care centers and community public childcare facilities located in Keelung City, New Taipei City, Taipei City, Yilan City, and Taoyuan City. Primary caregivers completed a temperament questionnaire for children aged 0 to 3 years, resulting in a total of 1,062 valid samples. The children were categorized into three age groups: under 1 year old, 1 to under 2 years old, and 2 to under 3 years old. Their data were compared with the temperament survey data compiled by Hsu Cheng-Ching in 1987, which is commonly used in Taiwan.The results indicated that children in 2024 scored higher on dimensions such as adaptability, regularity, approach/withdrawal, persistence, response threshold, and distractibility compared to those in 1987, revealing significant generational differences. However, emotional tone showed a more negative trend. Overall, temperament differences between the two generations were minimal for male infants under 1 year old, suggesting limited influence from external factors at this early stage. As children aged from 1 to 3, temperament differences became more pronounced, particularly in persistence, distractibility, adaptability, and intensity of reaction. These variations were evident across both genders at different age stages. This trend highlights that temperament development and expression in infants and toddlers may gradually reflect generational differences influenced by evolving social and caregiving environments, underlining the necessity and value of ongoing monitoring and research on early childhood temperament.
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