| 摘要: | 臺灣地區葡萄主要種植面積約2,300多公頃，其中巨峰葡萄種植面積為2,284公頃，耕種方式多採一年兩收，採收分為夏果（6～8月）與冬果（11月至翌年2月）。依葡萄果樹生長情形，栽培過程中需進行催芽、疏花、疏果、修剪等工作，農民在修剪作業時，農民會將剪下的葡萄藤放置成堆，焚燒後作堆肥使用。
近年來研究發現，葡萄籽中富含原花青素，並具清除自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗心血管疾病等功效；而葡萄皮與葡萄藤中含白藜蘆醇，為一種天然抗毒素，世界衛生組織在心血管疾病控制系統莫尼卡項目流行病學調查證實，白藜蘆醇具有保護心血管系統、抗動脈粥樣硬化及降低血小板凝聚功效。多樣實驗亦證實白藜蘆醇具抗癌、抗腫瘤功效。本研究為利用葡萄栽培過程中丟棄的葡萄藤，探討是否為萃取原花青素及白藜蘆醇等有效物質的另一種選擇。
萃取過程中除了確保有效成分不被破壞，及產生有機溶劑殘留問題，因此需挑選可在低溫運作且不具溶劑殘留問題之萃取法。超臨界流體萃取技術成為最佳選擇。超臨界流體萃取技術不需太高的溫度及壓力即可進行萃取，且萃取後溶劑可回收再利用，不會產生溶劑殘留的問題。本研究使用的是超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取技術，探討適合萃取葡萄藤中原花青素、白藜蘆醇之萃取條件（參數），期能找出提高原花青素及白藜蘆醇量之萃取方法，以提升葡萄果樹的附加價值。
研究發現以臺灣產巨峰品種葡萄之葡萄藤為萃取材料，白藜蘆醇的最適萃取條件為壓力300bar、溫度55℃、萃取時間60min、輔助溶劑濃度60%，萃出率為18.011416mg/g；原花青素的最適萃取條件為壓力200bar、溫度55℃、萃取時間60min、輔助溶劑濃度60%，萃出率為7.852568 ug/g。
In Taiwan, vineyards cover around 2,300 hectares, with Kyoho grape trees planted in 2,284 hectares. Basically, the cultivation method is that there are two harvest times each year; the first is from June to August (summer harvest) and the second is from November to February (winter harvest). According to the growth of grape trees, the cultivation process involves accelerating germination, flower thinning, fruit thinning, pruning, etc. When farmers prune grape trees, they place vines in piles, and the vines will be burned for compost.
Recent studies found that grape seeds are rich in proanthocyanidins, and have effects such as free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cardiovascular diseases, etc. Grape skins and vines contain resveratrol, which is a natural element for anti-toxins. One of World Health Organization cardiovascular disease control system survey projects, the Monica Project, confirmed that resveratrol can protect cardiovascular system, anti-atherosclerosis, and reduce platelet aggregation efficacy. Various experiments also evidenced that resveratrol has anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects. In the current study, we test vines which are discarded during the viticulture process, and explore whether they can be used as an alternative material to extract proanthocyanidins and resveratrol.
During the extraction process, to ensure that effective ingredients are not damaged, and that this process does not cause problems such as organic solvent residue, we should use a method which can be operated at low temperatures. Supercritical fluid extraction thus is the best choice. This method can do extraction without high temperatures and pressure, and extraction solvent can be recycled for use. This study will employ supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction techniques, in an attempt to investigate whether it is suitable for extracting proanthocyanidins and resveratrol from vines. Our goal is to find out whether this method can increase extraction of proanthocyanidins and resveratrol, so as to enhance the added values of grape trees.
The study found that Kyoho grape vines of Taiwan as the raw material for extraction. Suitable for extraction the conditions of resveratrol is pressure of 300bar, temperature of 55℃、auxiliary solvent is 60% and Operation of 60 min, extraction efficiency can reach to 18.011416mg/g. Suitable for extraction the conditions of proanthocyanidins is pressure of 200bar, temperature of 55 ℃、auxiliary solvent is 60% and Operation of 60 min, extraction efficiency can reach to 7.852568 ug/g. |
