| 摘要: | 隨著教師年齡結構逐漸老化與教育現場工作壓力升高，教師健康議題日益受到關注。尤其國小教師長期處於教學與行政的多重壓力中，身心健康容易被忽略，而健康檢查作為疾病預防與早期發現的重要手段，卻因經濟負擔、時間安排不易等因素而影響參與意願。鑒於此，本研究以健康信念模式（Health Belief Model, HBM）為理論基礎，探討基隆市國小教師參與健康檢查的行為意圖與實際行為之影響因素。
本研究透過結構式問卷蒐集資料，針對基隆市國小教師進行網路調查，共回收253份有效問卷。問卷內容涵蓋健康信念模式五大構面：知覺罹患性、知覺嚴重性、知覺行動效益、知覺行動障礙與行動線索（包括健康資訊、疾病線索、補助鼓勵、親友影響）。資料分析採用SmartPLS 4.0進行偏最小平方法結構方程模型分析。研究結果顯示，「鼓勵補助」、「疾病線索」與「親友影響」對行為意圖具有顯著正向影響，而「知覺行動障礙」與「知覺嚴重性」則對行為意圖產生顯著負向影響；其中「補助」對意圖的影響最為顯著。此外，行為意圖對實際健康檢查行為亦具顯著正向關係。其他構面如「健康資訊」、「知覺罹患性」、「知覺行動效益」則未達顯著。
綜上所述，本研究建議教育單位應優化健檢補助政策、降低實務障礙、提升行政配合度，並善用社會支持與健康經驗分享以強化教師參與意願，進一步促進教育現場整體健康水準。
As the age structure of elementary school teachers in Taiwan continues to rise and workplace pressures intensify, teacher health issues have become a growing concern. Elementary school teachers are often burdened with both teaching and administrative duties, which can lead to the neglect of their physical and mental health. Health checkups serve as a critical means of disease prevention and early detection; however, participation is often hindered by barriers such as financial burden and scheduling difficulties. In light of this, the present study adopts the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine the factors influencing elementary school teachers’ intentions and behaviors related to health checkup participation in Keelung City.This study employed a structured questionnaire survey targeting public elementary school teachers in Keelung. A total of 253 valid responses were collected through an online survey. The questionnaire measured five key constructs of the Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action (including health information, disease cues, subsidy encouragement, and influence of relatives and friends). Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 to conduct Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
The findings revealed that "subsidy encouragement," "disease cues," and "influence of relatives and friends" had significant positive effects on behavioral intention toward health checkups. Conversely, "perceived barriers" and "perceived severity" showed significant negative effects on intention. Among all variables, subsidy encouragement had the strongest impact on intention. Additionally, behavioral intention was found to have a significant positive effect on actual health checkup behavior. Other constructs, such as "health information," "perceived susceptibility," and "perceived benefits," did not show statistically significant effects on behavioral intention in this sample.
Based on the results, this study recommends that education authorities improve the design and accessibility of health checkup subsidy policies, reduce practical barriers, and offer flexible administrative support to increase participation. Moreover, leveraging social support systems and sharing personal or peer health experiences can enhance teachers' motivation to undergo health checkups. These strategies aim to improve the overall health status of teaching staff and promote sustainable well-being within the educational environment. |
