| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討多元化運動課程對基隆市中老年人體適能與社交能力之影響。隨著台灣社會快速高齡化，中老年人普遍面臨身體機能退化、慢性病風險升高與社交孤立等問題，如何延緩老化促進其身心健康與實現活躍老化，成為當前重要的公共健康課題。
本研究招募 71 位年滿 45 歲之中老年人，實施為期 12 週、每週一次、每次 90 分鐘的多元運動課程，內容結合暖身、有氧運動、肌力訓練、柔軟度與平衡練習，並融入音樂元素以提升參與動機與課程趣味性。研究設計採單組前後測，運動行為變化以卡方檢定分析，身體組成與體適能採用成對樣本 t 檢定，社交能力則透過杜克社會支持指數（DSSI）進行評估。
研究結果顯示，課程介入後中老年人之運動習慣顯著改善，每週運動頻率達三天以上者明顯增加；BMI、腰圍、臀圍與體脂率顯著下降，心肺耐力、肌耐力、柔軟度與平衡能力等體適能指標皆有明顯提升。社交支持三構面也呈正向變化，顯示課程有助於促進人際互動與社會參與意願。
綜上所述，多元化運動課程具備增強體適能與促進社交連結之雙重效益，建議可作為社區推動高齡健康促進、預防慢性病與實踐活躍老化政策之具體參考策略。
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a diversified exercise program on physical fitness and social ability among middle-aged and elderly adults in Keelung City. As Taiwan faces rapid population aging, older adults are increasingly challenged by physical decline, heightened risk of chronic diseases, and social isolation. Promoting physical and mental health to achieve active aging has become a critical public health concern.
A total of 71 participants aged 45 and above were recruited to participate in a 12-week diversified exercise intervention, held once a week for 90 minutes per session. The program integrated warm-up, aerobic exercises, strength training, flexibility, and balance training, with music elements incorporated to enhance motivation and enjoyment. A one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. Chi-square tests were used to analyze changes in exercise behavior, paired-sample t-tests were applied to body composition and physical fitness, and the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) was used to assess changes in social ability.
Results showed significant improvements in exercise habits and frequency after the intervention. Participants demonstrated notable reductions in BMI, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage, as well as improvements in cardiopulmonary endurance, muscular endurance, flexibility, and balance. Social support also improved significantly, with a positive shift in participants’ willingness to engage in future social activities.
In conclusion, diversified exercise programs can effectively enhance physical fitness and social connection among older adults and are recommended as a practical strategy for promoting healthy and active aging in community settings. |
