| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討輪椅羽球運動對身心健康的潛在益處，瞭解臺灣地區輪椅羽球參與者的參與現況，並分析其所面臨的阻礙因素及兩者之間的相互關係，期望為政策制定與實務應用提供實證依據。
本研究以問卷調查與深度訪談法進行，研究理論基礎包括Fox (1999) 與Ferri-Caruana等 (2020) 對參與現況的探討，以及Crawford與Godbey（1987）與Crawford等 (1991) 提出之休閒活動阻礙理論與階層模型理論，並且參考Garcia等 (2022); Giouridis (2023); 與 Goh 等 (2024) 等之研究。共回收122份有效紙本問卷，以SPSS 20.0統計分析，並訪談5位教練、5位球友與3位未參與之殘疾者，以瞭解參與狀況與阻礙感受。研究顯示，結構性阻礙影響最大 (M=3.57) ，平均數前五高得分阻礙題項依序為，運動場所服務品質不佳、環境不友善、缺乏專業教練、成本過高與時間不足。背景變項中除殘障級別與婚姻狀況外，對參與現況具顯著影響。是否需陪同者、首次支出費用與到球場所需時間等變項，對阻礙感知具顯著影響。參與強度與頻率與個人心理阻礙因素呈正向顯著關聯，個人心理阻礙因素對參與強度呈正向顯著影響，人際社會阻礙因素對參與強度呈負向顯著影響，個人心理阻礙為最重要且需優先克服之阻礙因素。
研究結果指出，輪椅羽球運動對參與者具有高度身心正向效益，但亦面臨場地設施、教練資源與經濟等多重阻礙。建議政府應制定運動場館服務人員對殘疾者之專業服務標準，改善運動場域無障礙設施並強化監督；建立輪椅羽球專業教練培訓制度；推動體驗營並提供免費競技運動輪椅，降低參與門檻。同時建議教育部與衛福部跨部會合作，提升醫療人員對殘疾者之運動衛教並給予運動衛教手冊與轉介機制，強化輪椅羽球之參與機會與促進身、心、社會健康。
This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of wheelchair badminton on physical and mental health, understand the current participation status of wheelchair badminton players in Taiwan, and analyze the obstacles they face, as well as the relationship between participation and these obstacles. The ultimate goal is to provide empirical evidence for policy-making and practical applications.
A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. The theoretical foundations included Fox (1999) and Ferri-Caruana et al. (2020) for the discussion of participation status, as well as Crawford and Godbey’s (1987) Leisure Constraints Theory and Crawford et al.’s (1991) Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints. Additional references included studies by Garcia et al. (2022), Giouridis (2023), and Goh et al. (2024). A total of 122 valid paper questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0, alongside interviews with 5 coaches, 5 players, and 3 individuals with disabilities who had not participated, to further understand participation conditions and perceived constraints.
The findings showed that structural constraints had the greatest impact (M = 3.57). The top five obstacle items by mean score were: poor service quality at sports venues, unfriendly environments, lack of professional coaches, high costs, and insufficient time. Among background variables, all except disability level and marital status had a significant effect on participation status. Variables such as the need for assistance, initial expenditure, and travel time to the venue significantly influenced perceived constraints. Participation intensity and frequency were positively and significantly correlated with individual psychological constraints; individual psychological constraints had a positive significant impact on participation intensity, while interpersonal/social constraints had a negative significant impact. Individual psychological constraints were identified as the most critical barrier to be addressed.
The study concludes that wheelchair badminton has strong positive physical and mental health benefits for participants but is hindered by multiple barriers, including facility accessibility, coaching resources, and economic limitations. Recommendations include establishing professional service standards for sports venue staff serving people with disabilities, improving accessible sports facilities with stronger supervision, creating a professional wheelchair badminton coach training system, organizing experiential camps, and providing free sports wheelchairs for competition to lower participation thresholds. Furthermore, cross-ministerial cooperation between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Welfare is suggested to enhance medical professionals’ sports education for people with disabilities, offer educational manuals, and create referral mechanisms, thereby increasing participation opportunities and promoting physical, mental, and social health through wheelchair badminton. |
