探討中高齡女性健康狀況、社會支持及心理適應對就業意願之研究

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題名:	探討中高齡女性健康狀況、社會支持及心理適應對就業意願之研究
其他題名:	A Study on the Impact of Health Status, Social Support, and Psychological Adaptation on the Employment Willingness of Middle-Aged and Older Women
作者:	陳麗汝
貢獻者:	黃庭鍾
關鍵詞:	中高齡;健康狀況;社會支持;心理適應;就業意願;middle-aged and older adults;health status;social support;psychological adaptation;employment willingness
日期:	2025
上傳時間:	2025-09-02T08:32:11Z
出版者:	德育學校財團法人德育護理健康學院;健康產業管理研究所
摘要:	隨著全球人口老化與疫情後社會劇變，臺灣將於2025年邁入超高齡社會，高齡人口占比將逾20%，勞動力萎縮與就業結構轉型成為重大課題。中高齡女性作為潛在勞動力，其職涯延續備受政策與學術重視。近年各產業普遍缺工，中高齡女性的再就業不僅關係個人福祉，更影響整體勞動市場動能。然而，健康狀況、心理調適與社會支持等挑戰，仍限制其重返職場的可能性。本研究旨在探討健康狀況、社會支持與心理適應對中高齡女性就業意願之影響，並進一步釐清其交互關係。本研究以45歲以上女性為對象，採量化問卷調查法，並根據社會支持理論與心理適應理論建構研究架構。樣本透過便利與有目的性取樣取得，共回收有效問卷442份。資料分析採用描述性統計、信效度分析、t檢定、ANOVA、皮爾森相關與多元迴歸分析，並進一步使用 PROCESS macro（模型4）與5,000次Bootstrap重抽樣，檢驗心理適應在健康狀況與就業意願間的中介效果，特別關注疫情後心理壓力、家庭角色重塑與經濟不確定性下的再就業動機。研究結果顯示，心理適應（β = .531*）與社會支持（β = .154）對就業意願具有顯著正向影響，其中以心理適應為最強預測因子。健康狀況與就業意願雖呈中度正相關（r = .579），但在控制心理適應後，其對就業意願的直接影響不具統計顯著性，顯示其影響主要為間接性質。中介分析進一步驗證心理適應在健康狀況與就業意願之間具有完全中介效果，間接效應為 β = .40，標準誤 SE = .04，Bootstrap 信賴區間 [.31, .48]，不含0，達統計顯著水準。本研究可補足中高齡女性就業心理機制之研究缺口，亦可作為政府與社會各界擬定中高齡勞動政策、促進其穩定再就業與延續職涯參與之重要參考。 With global aging and dramatic societal shifts in the post-pandemic era, Taiwan is set to enter a super-aged society by 2025, with the elderly population exceeding 20% of the total. The contraction of the labor force and structural employment transitions have become crucial issues. Middle-aged and older women represent a potential labor force, and their career continuation has attracted increasing attention from policymakers and scholars. As industries face widespread labor shortages, the reemployment of middle-aged and older women is not only relevant to individual well-being but also affects the overall labor market dynamics. However, challenges such as health conditions, psychological adjustment, and social support still limit their ability to return to the workforce. This study aims to examine the impact of health status, social support, and psychological adaptation on the employment intentions of middle-aged and older women while clarifying their interactions. This study targeted women aged 45 and above, adopting a quantitative survey methodology and constructing a research framework based on social support theory and psychological adaptation theory. The sample was obtained through convenience and purposive sampling, with a total of 442 valid questionnaires collected. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, reliability and validity testing, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Additionally, PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 5,000 Bootstrap resampling iterations was used to examine the mediating effect of psychological adaptation between health status and employment intentions, particularly focusing on post-pandemic psychological stress, family role restructuring, and economic uncertainty as motivators for reemployment. The results indicate that psychological adaptation (β = .531) and social support (β = .154) have significant positive effects on employment intentions, with psychological adaptation being the strongest predictor. While health status was moderately positively correlated with employment intentions (r = .579*), its direct effect was not statistically significant after controlling for psychological adaptation, suggesting its influence is primarily indirect. Mediation analysis further confirmed that psychological adaptation full mediation model the relationship between health status and employment intentions, with an indirect effect of β = .40, standard error SE = .04, and a Bootstrap confidence interval of [.31, .48], which does not include zero, indicating statistical significance. This study fills a research gap in the psychological mechanisms underlying employment for middle-aged and older women and serves as a valuable reference for government and social sectors in formulating policies to promote stable reemployment and extended career participation for this demographic.
顯示於類別:	[學位論文] 113學年度

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