目的：本文旨在從Spencer & Spencer職能模型的角度探討台灣四年制美容技術職業教育下學生職能與學用落差，以期做為未來學校培育彩妝師的參考。 設計/方法/途徑：本文運用Spencer & Spencer冰山職能模式，探討四年制美容技術職業教育下化妝師職能培育。 發現：反覆練習是技能精熟的定律，學生的動機、自我認知是決定技術精熟的關鍵。學校除透過課程培育學生外顯特質能，更應強化職業計畫以提升內涵特質，當學生了解學習需求將有助於返校後的學習進而影響未來的就業進路，有利於縮短學用之落差，更能符合產業人才需求。 實際意義：高等技術職業教育的課程規劃與職業計畫增進學生外顯與內涵職能特質，同時制定畢業門檻“激勵”學生達成學習目標。 貢獻度：透過職能與學用落差探討了解相關因素，有助於技職課程設計時更貼近產業人才需求，有助於學生未來的就業進路。 原創性/價值：期望本研究分析有助於化妝技術教育之規劃參考。 Purpose：This study aims to explore students’ competency and educational mismatch in the four-year technological and vocational education of a beauty program in Taiwan from the perspective of the Spencer and Spencer competency model. The findings can serve as a reference for the future education of makeup stylists in schools. Design/methodology/approach：This study adopts the Spencer and Spencer Iceberg model to probe into the competency education of the makeup stylists of a four-year technological and vocational education of beauty. Findings：Practice makes perfect, thus, students’ motivation and self-concept are the keys to master the required skills. In addition to cultivating students’ explicit characteristics through curriculum content, schools should reinforce vocational projects to provide more opportunities for students to upgrade their implicit characteristics. If students recognize their learning needs, it will influence their learning motivation when returning to school and benefit their future career. Moreover, such self-recognition will reduce educational mismatch and meet the talent demands of the industry. Practical implications：The curriculum planning and vocational projects of higher technological and vocational education can enhance students’ explicit and implicit competency, as they establish the graduation threshold to “encourage” students to accomplish their learning objectives. Social implications：In order to create a vocational curriculum design that meets the talent demands of the industry and enhances students’ future employment opportunities, this study explores the factors related to educational mismatch. Originality/value：The analysis results of this study can serve as a reference for the planning of technical education regarding makeup application.
