| 摘要: | 本研究題目為「健康信念與自我效能探討警察健康行為之研究—以臺北市警察分局為例」，基於健康信念與自我效能為理論架構，並整合相關文獻。本研究採問卷調查法，分預試問卷和正式問卷兩階段，問卷內容分三大構面，分別為健康信念量表、自我效能量表以及健康行為量表，並以spss統計軟體進行資料分析。以瞭解臺北市警察人員的健康信念、自我效能與健康行為，在不同背景變項對健康信念、自我效能及健康行為的差異性，及警察之健康信念、自我效能與健康行為的關連性。
正式問卷於2022年3月28日至4月23日間發放310份，其結果有10份無效問卷，回收有效問卷 300 份，有效回收率 96.8%，所得問卷結果經由描述性統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關等統計方法分析。
研究結果中顯示台北市警察之健康信念與自我效能均達到中等以上程度，「性別」、「服務分局」、「服務單位」、「年資」皆與健康信念有部分顯著差異；「服務分局」、「服務單位」皆與自我效能有部分顯著差異；「服務分局」與健康行為有部分顯著差異；健康信念與自我效能除行動障礙呈負相關外其餘均呈正相關，健康信念與健康行為除行動障礙呈負相關外其餘均呈正相關，自我效能與健康行為均呈正相關。
經由研究結果分別對教育機構、警察機關及警察個人提出建議：針對教育機構而言，建議警察專科學校及警察大學，在一年級時將運動課程、健康飲食及健康信念與自我效能之課程，納入必修課程，讓未來的警察提早在學校就有正確的健康知識、態度與行為。針對警察機關而言，建請於常年訓練增加運動及健康飲食之課程，規劃運動室提供簡易運動器材，並獨立出吸煙區，全面禁止二手菸之危害，讓警察人員在機關內有方便運動的地方及有個無菸的辦公環境。針對警察人員而言，因健康要靠身體力行，能將健康的行為徹底落實在日常生活中，養成規律運動及健康的飲食習慣，便能遠離疾病。
The title of this study is " A Study in Police’s Health Behaviors with Health Beliefs and Self-Efficacy-Take Taipei Police Branch as an Example", based on the theoretical framework of health beliefs and self-efficacy, and integrating relevant literature. This research adopts the questionnaire survey method, which is divided into two stages: the pre-test questionnaire and the formal questionnaire. The content of the questionnaire is divided into three aspects, namely the Health Belief Scale, the Self-efficacy Scale and the Health Behavior Scale. To understand the health beliefs, self-efficacy and healthy behaviors of police officers in Taipei City, the differences in health beliefs, self-efficacy and healthy behaviors in different background variables, and the correlation between police officers' health beliefs, self-efficacy and healthy behaviors.
A total of 310 questionnaires were distributed between March 28th and April 23rd, 2022, with 300 valid and 10 invalid questionnaires collected. The effective recovery rate was 96.8%. The obtained questionnaire results were obtained through descriptive statistics and independent sample t test., one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-difference correlation and other statistical methods for analysis.
As a result of the research, the health beliefs and self-efficacy of the police officers in Taipei City have reached above moderate levels. The “gender”, “service branch”, “service unit”, and “seniority” variables differed significantly in health beliefs; the “service branch” and “service unit” differed significantly in self-efficacy; the “service branch” variable differed significantly in health behaviors. Health beliefs showed positively correlated with self-efficacy except for mobility impairment, health beliefs showed positively correlated with health behaviors except for mobility impairment, and self-efficacy is positively correlated with health behaviors.
The following recommendations for research are based on the study findings: For educational institutions, It is suggested that the Police College and Police University should incorporate exercise courses, healthy eating, and courses on healthy beliefs and self-efficacy into compulsory courses in the first grade, so that future police officers can have correct health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in school as early as possible. For police department, we recommend launching exercise and healthy diet courses as permanent training, planning sports rooms providing simple exercise equipment, and separating smoking areas along with a complete prohibition against second-hand smoke, for police colleagues to have a convenient place to exercise and a smoke-free office environment within the agency. For police officers, as the promotion of healthy behaviors relies on their advocates, we propose bringing healthy behaviors into their daily practice, developing regular exercise and healthy eating and living habits, to stay away from the disease. |
