平臥菊之類黃酮萃取研究

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题名:	平臥菊之類黃酮萃取研究
其它题名:	Study on Extraction of Flavonoids from Gynura Procumbens (Lour.) Merr.
作者:	銀友琴
贡献者:	蔡政融
关键词:	平臥菊;類黃酮;微波萃取;Gynura Procumbens (Lour.) Merr.;Flavonoids;Microwave Extraction
日期:	2020
上传时间:	2020-09-09T06:53:51Z
出版者:	經國管理暨健康學院;健康產業管理研究所
摘要:	平臥菊(Gynura Procumbens (Lour) Merr.)菊科三七屬植物，為東南亞國家普遍食用的蔬菜亦當成民間草藥使用，在動物實驗中並無急、慢性之毒性；平臥菊萃取物對抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗高血壓、保護心血管及抑制腫瘤細胞增殖等作用，具特定之功效；經分析平臥菊含有多種機能性成分，如類黃酮(槲皮素(quercetin)、楊梅素(myricetin)、蘆丁(glycoside rutin)、山奈酚(kaempferol)、黃?素(astragalin))、多酚類的沒食子酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸、綠原酸及各種營養素等，其中類黃酮(flavonoid)在許多的研究中，發現其對許多慢性的疾病有保護的作用，可抗氧化、減少體內活性氧的產生、減少脂質細胞氧化、清除自由基、抗衰老、預防心血管疾病、慢性疾病等效用。文獻指出類黃酮化合物之機能性成份為抗氧化活性較高的成份，並以楊梅素和山奈酚等黃酮醇類之類黃酮化合物活性最高。本研究將探討平臥菊的葉與莖於不同乾燥方式及不同溶劑於微波萃取下，總黃酮含量及黃酮醇類(蘆丁、楊梅素、槲皮素及山奈酚)含量之變化，藉以找出平臥菊最適之類黃酮之萃出部位及條件，以做為爾後開發保健產品之參考；平臥菊的葉與莖經低溫乾燥及冷凍乾燥處理後，各別加入水及乙醇當溶劑並以微波萃取方式萃取；萃取物分別利用氯化鋁比色法分析總黃酮含量及HPLC分析類黃酮中之黃酮醇類蘆丁、楊梅素、槲皮素、山奈酚含量變化。結果顯示平臥菊新鮮葉及低溫乾燥後的葉子於60%乙醇之微波萃取液，以氯化鋁比色法檢測之總黃酮含量高於其它各組，分別為15.99及16.13 mg/g；另此兩組萃取液，經HPLC方法分析黃酮醇後，其蘆丁、槲皮素含量亦高於其他各組，分別含有29.58及27.21mg/g、2.31及2.49 mg/g，山奈酚於低溫乾燥後的葉子用60%乙醇當溶劑之微波萃取液中含量為1.79 mg/g，但於新鮮葉的處理組中並未檢出，這兩組的楊梅素分別為9.1及5.15mg/g。而楊梅素成分含量較高則是冷凍乾燥葉及新鮮葉60%乙醇萃取之樣品12.31 及9.1mg/g。本研究利用HPLC分析黃酮醇時，發現在HPLC的圖譜中，於蘆丁波峰(滯留時間25.47分鐘)前，皆會呈現出約占總面積23-98%之未知波峰，另於冷凍乾燥處理的葉與莖以60%乙醇及水當溶劑之微波萃取液中，HPLC的圖譜在楊梅素與槲皮素波峰間，亦存在有約0.3-10%面積之未知波峰產生，這些未知波峰仍須留待後續繼續鑑定及研究。根據本研究之結果，平臥菊葉子部分，經低溫乾燥處理後，以60%乙醇當溶劑，經微波萃取處理，萃取物有潛力開發成富含類黃酮之保健產品。 Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family Asteraceae) is a vegetable and medicinal plant commonly found in in Southeast Asian countries that is safe at the studied dosage levels and causes no acute or chronic toxicity in animal models. Gynura procumbens extract has been known to treat many diseases such as, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-hypertension, cardiovascular protection and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. It has been analyzed that Gynura procumbens contains various functional components, such as flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, glycoside rutin, kaempferol, astragalin), and more phenolic gallic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and various nutrients. Among all functional ingredients, the bioflavonoid components have been found in many studies to have protective effects on many chronic diseases, anti-oxidation, reducing the generation of active oxygen in the body, reducing lipid oxidation, free radical scavenging activity, anti-aging and prevent cardiovascular disease. According to the literature in Gynura procumbens, the functional components of flavonoids are the main antioxidant components. Among bioflavonoids, myricetin and kaempferol of the flavonol compounds have the highest antioxidant activity.In this study, we determined the changes in the content of total flavonoids and flavonols (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in the leaves and stems of Gynura procumbens under different drying methods and different solvents under microwave extraction conditions. The purpose is to find out the most suitable bioflavonoid extraction site and conditions of the Gynura procumbens, which is the reference for the future development of functional foods. After the stems and leaves of the Gynura procumbens are subjected to low-temperature drying and freeze-drying treatment, water and alcohol are added as solvents, and extraction is performed by microwave extraction. The total flavonoid content in the extract was determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and the flavonols (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the bioflavonoids were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that the total flavonoid content of fresh Gynura procumbens leaves and low-temperature dried leaves in 60% alcohol microwave extracts was higher than that of other groups by aluminum chloride colorimetric method, which were 15.99 and 16.13 mg / g, respectively. In addition, RP-HPLC was used to analyze the flavonols content in microwave extracts from fresh leaves and low-temperature dried leaves with 60% ethanol. The content of rutin、quercetin was also higher than other groups, respectively 29.58 and 27.21 mg / g、2.31 and 2.49 mg / g. The kaempferol was 1.79 mg / g in microwave extracted with 60% alcohol as solvent in low-temperature dried leaves, but it was not detected in the fresh leaf treatment group, and these two groups myricetin contained 9.1 and 5.15 mg / g. While myricetin has a higher content of 12.31 and 9.1 mg / g in 60% ethanol extracted samples from freeze-dried leaves and fresh leaves. When flavonols were determined by HPLC method in this study, it was found that in the HPLC peak profile, an unknown peak with the area of about 23-98% appeared near the rutin peak (retention time (min) 25.470), and 60% of in the microwave-extracted solution of 60% alcohol and water as the solvent, the HPLC profile was between the peaks of myricetin and quercetin, and there were also unknown peaks of about 0.3-10% area. These unknown peaks still need to be identified and studied. As a result of this study, the leaves of Gynura procumbens were dried at low temperature and microwave-extracted with 60% alcohol as a solvent. The extract has the potential to develop into health products rich in flavonoids.
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