| 摘要: | 甜羅勒（Ocimum basillicum L.）、青莖種羅勒(Ocimum basilicum L. cv. green)、紫莖種羅勒(Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens)、丁香羅勒(Ocimum gratissimum L.)四種植物在民間俗名相似，氣味相近，型態略有不同(Hussain, Anwar et al. 2008)；長久以來被民間認為是相同的物種，功用相同，但是其精油成分差異(Patel, Singh et al. 2016)與功能的不同是本研究的主要目的。經由文獻的蒐集，以預實驗蒸餾來選取最佳萃取條件，依據預實驗選取的最佳條件對栽種於相同產地的四種植物進行第二次蒸餾萃取，並利用氣相層析-質譜儀(GC-Mass)分析四種植物精油成分。然後以芳香療法界對精油化學成分常用的分類法，例如蛋型圖(簡稱茹絲的蛋)、精油四象限圖、雷達圖比較精油成分差異。最後由化學成分分析結果提出五點香氣味道與療效的關聯性假設，藉由三十位資深芳香療癒從業人員進行香氣問卷評估，印證五點假設：1.台灣產紫莖種、青莖種羅勒兩種植物精油成分相同、含量接近；2.甜羅勒與羅勒和丁香羅勒是三種香氣成分完全不同的植物；3.丁香羅勒主要精油成分是丁香酚（Eugenol），含量是四種植物裡最高，吸聞其香氣時專家們都認為最能達到舒緩肺部的效果；4.甜羅勒精油含有沉香醇(Linalool)精油化學成分，專家評估結果也都認為聞起來最能促進心神安寧、身心放鬆；5.甜羅勒的桉油醇(Eucalyptol)成分聞起來給人清新活潑之感受，沉香醇氣味有木質調沉穩且芬芳宜人，這兩種主要成分混和出來的氣味與羅勒和丁香羅勒氣味相比較，在專家評分結果中是最討人喜歡。
Ocimum basillicum L., Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Green, Ocimum basilicum L. var. Purpurascens, Ocimum gratissimum L., smell similarly, but the types are slightly different (Hussain, Anwar et al. 2008); The four plants had been considered by the people of the same species and the same function for a long time. However, the essential oils were different between the four plants (Patel, Singh et al. 2016). The main purpose of the study was to identify the difference between the four plants and the aroma functions. Through the background of the literature, five-point hypothesis were proposed to carry out in this research.
The four plants were extracted by distillation to harvest the crude extracts. And the crude extracts were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-Mass) for the difference between the essential oil components to compare with the results of the five-point hypothesis. Sent the four kinds of plant crude extract spray and questionnaire assessment to aromatherapy experts to evaluate the fragrance and ease of mind on the points. Collected the points result to further statistical analysis and confirmed the proposed five-point hypothesis.
The result of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-Mass) Analysis of Ocimum basilicum L. var. Purpurascens and Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Green crude extracts showed that the same essential oil components. And the content were close. Through the expert evaluation results also believe that aroma ingredients of the two plants are almost the same. From the results of GC-Mass analysis of four plant extracts (Crude Extract), it was determined that sweet basil and Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Green and Ocimum gratissimum L. were completely different from the three aroma components. The results of the assessment are consistent. Eucalyptol was smelled fresh and lively feeling, Linalool was smelled like wood calm and fragrant and pleasant. The two main ingredients mixed with the smell of the Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Green and Ocimum gratissimum L. odor phase Comparison, in the expert score results were the most pleasing. The result of Eugenol in the gas chromatography - mass spectrometer (GC-Mass) analysis showed that it was the main essential oil component of Ocimum gratissimum L., the highest of the four plants. So, experts believe that the aroma of Ocimum gratissimum L. was the best to achieve the effect of soothing the lungs. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-Mass) analysis of the sweet basil crude extract showed that it contained Linalool, essential oil ingredients. In Expert evaluation results, sweet basil was also thought that the most likely to promote peace of mind, physical and mental relaxation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-Mass) analysis of the essential oil compositions of the results were fully confirmed with the proposed five-point hypothesis. The statistical analysis of the expert scores was also fully confirmed with the proposed five-point hypothesis, and matched the results of the GC-Mass analysis. |
