台灣身處於亞熱帶地區，屬於海島型氣候國家，由於地狹人稠，且分佈密集，因此常因孩童的互動頻繁，進而成為腸病毒散佈最佳的地區。易罹患腸病毒的年齡層多以0-6歲之間居多，根據台灣地區歷年監測的資料顯示，幼童是屬於感染腸病毒後合併重症及及死亡的高危險群體，其重症的致死率約在3.8％至25.7％之間，因此希望家長對於腸病毒的預防有正確的的認知，讓這個年齡層的孩子能在家長細心的照顧下，得到健康快樂的童年，故本研究運用健康信念模式（包含自覺罹病性、自覺嚴重性、自覺行動利益、自覺行動障礙、行動線索）探討家長對腸病毒的認知、態度與行為模式，，及家長不同基本屬性之間的差異。研究方式採問卷調查，問卷發放於北部某大醫院候診區，針對家中育有0-6歲孩童之家長進行調查，共回收有效問卷200份。問卷採描述性統計，獨立樣本T測試、單因子變異數分析，及事後評估等方法進行統計。結果顯示家長在教育程度上的不同，對於腸病毒疾病之認知有顯著性的差異，且年齡分佈在35歲以下對於腸病毒的認知得分明顯低於36-45歲的家長。而在健康信念構面上，家長背景非新住民、教育程度達研究所以上及家戶總所得超過60001元以上的受試者，在針對預防腸病毒的行為利益，行為障礙及行動線索中，也有顯著的不同。期望藉此研究結果運用於家長的衛生教育，能提升家長對於腸病毒的正確認知，並且確實執行預防腸病毒的行為，以達到降低腸病毒感染對孩童造成的傷害，讓孩童能在健康快樂地環境中成長。 Taiwan is a subtropical island and due to the large population being densely distributed, it causes the child population to be in close contact. Therefore, Taiwan has become a frequent region of enterovirus epidemics. According to local surveillance data, the vulnerable population for Enterovirus infection is 0-6yrs old, with high risk of severe neurological complications and a mortality rate of 3.8%~25.7%. Hence it is desirable to advise parents with the knowledge of how to prevent Enterovirus infection for the safety and wellbeing of their children. This study will investigate the disease and cognitive behavioral patterns of parents towards Enterovirus related disease using the health belief model (including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action). Questionnaires distributed at a Children’s Hospital in Northern Taiwan targeting parents of 0-6yrs children, and 200 valid questionnaires collected for analysis. The statistical analyses utilized including descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Post Hoc test. This study showed that there were significant differences in parents’ cognition and health beliefs towards enterovirus related disease among different variables including: gender of parents, age, level of education, the status of being new immigration residents, and the total household monthly income. Hopefully the results of this research can be used for promoting hygiene education and disease awareness of parents and ultimately minimize the risk of Enterovirus infection to children.
