| 摘要: | 本研究目的意旨，基於因應老齡化社會，於政府法令政策制定為圭臬，在有關單位配合推動下，行政院與台北市分別在2013和2014年推動公益型「以房養老」接受申請，成效尚無定論；故本研究藉以使用者觀點，探討影響『以房養老健康老化』接受意願之研究，針砭老年生活經濟來源探解。
因此，本研究遂由進行文獻探討，蒐集與查閱相關文獻參考資料、政府政策計畫與作為、專輯書籍、期刊、學者專題論述等為研究佐證，以透過問卷調查方式進行資料收集，問卷共發放300份，得到有效樣本300份，回收率100％，資料經整理分析，依據研究架構五個構面，結果各構面要點如下:
一、基本資料中，顯示「現居住地」，對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，有相關連性。
二、個人財務儲蓄狀況中，顯示「總收入」、「不動產市價」、「房貸與房貸餘額」等，對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，有相關連性。
三、個人對老年(退休後)之生涯願景規劃中，「生活費尚差百分比」、「選擇居住方式」、「房產傳承」等，對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，有相關連性。
四、對逆向抵押的安全機制體認中，顯示「信息聽聞多久」、「房產成為逆向商品」、「逆向抵押貸款誰負責承接」」、「認同逆向抵押貸款採哪一種方式經營」等，對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，有相關連性。
五、對逆向抵押的保障機制中，顯示「政府負完全擔保責任」、「確定可以居住到終老」、「年限活越久領越久」，對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，有相關連性。
由文獻探討及結合以上分析整理結果，就基本資料、個人財務儲蓄狀況、對老年(退休後)之生涯願景規劃、逆向抵押的安全機制體認、逆向抵押的保障機制等五個構面了解，在其各構面內各題項，就對接受逆向抵押貸款意願之相互關連性了解，『以房養老』就推動實施上，應是一項複雜繁瑣性之事務，如無縝密規劃與落實有效執行，將遭致其窒礙與難度可見一斑。
然本研究針對接受逆向抵押貸款之意願，結合其有相關連性之題項，予以提出具體建議，提供政府有關單位參考，及未來研究者指教。
The study aims to respond to Taiwan's aging society, and the government decree actively formulated relevant policies. The Executive Yuan and the Taipei City in Taiwan promoted the public welfare acts, such as “Reverse Annuity Mortgage, RAMs” in 2013 and 2014, but the effect was ambiguous. Therefore, the research tried to discuss the willingness of acceptance on “Pension by Housing Healthy Aging, PHHA” through the viewpoints of users, and exploratory the economics resource in elders by a series of survey.
Therefore, this research adopted literatures review, collected and studied relevant references, which includes government policies and plans, the professional books, journal papers, and other scholarly topics as evidence. Then we designed to collect data through questionnaire survey method. Total of 300 copies were distributed to obtain 300 valid questionnaires, the effective rate was 100%. The data analysis was according to research framework and divided into 5 dimensions as follows:
(1) In the dimension of demographic, the variable “living place” was significant related with the willingness of acceptance on RAMs. (2) In the dimension of personal financial savings, the variable “total revenue,” “the real estate market price,” and “mortgage and mortgage balance” were significant related with the willingness of acceptance on RAMs. (3) In the dimension of personal elderly retired vision of planning, the variable “the percentage of the cost of living is still poor,” “lifestyle chooses,” and “real estate heritage” were significant related with the willingness of acceptance on RAMs. (4) In the dimension of security mechanisms of RAMs, the variable “when heard the related information,” “reverse goods become the property,” “who response the business of RAMs,” and “which business model of RAMs could be recognized” were significant related with the willingness of acceptance on RAMs. (5) In the dimension of protection mechanism of RAMs, the variable “government assumes full security responsibility,” “determination may live to his home,” and “life live longer and lead longer” were significant related with the willingness of acceptance on RAMs.
With the literature review and above findings, the research divided into 5 dimensions: demographic, personal financial savings, personal elderly retired vision of planning, security mechanisms of RAMs, and protection mechanism of RAMs to discuss. We knew that no matter on RAMs or PHHA would be very difficult to promote without careful planning and completely execution. Thus, the present study provided some specific recommendations by an empirical study and critical questionnaire survey as reference to relevant administration and future researchers. |
