| 摘要: | 健康促進學校，是目前我國積極推動的教育政策，各個中小學莫不戮力配合教育部之各項計畫，發展學校健康促進，以提升教師與學生之身心健康。
而我國推動健康促進學校之目標，大多聚焦於學生健康之促進，諸如視力保健、口腔衛生、健康體位、菸害防制、檳榔防制、性教育(含愛滋病防治)及正確用藥各方面，對於教師健康之關注，甚少提及。
學生在學校的有效學習，除了自身的學習態度、學習方法與學習興趣外，更繫於老師教學的素養、教學的專業與教學的熱忱。而教師的身心健康，更關乎教學的成效。在各領域與科目的教師當中，特教教師可說是工作擔負最重的一群。除了要教導特殊的學生適應生活，培養自我照顧的生活自理能力，還需要教導實用性的語文數學能力，希望達成家長的期望，讓這群學生在將來能具備有獨立生活的能力; 可是學生的進步及配合度並不佳，這種低成就感的工作，也會打擊特教教師的工作熱誠，連帶影響特教教師的身心健康。
在眾多文獻當中，對於特教教師身心紓壓的方式，大多為尋求同事與行政單位的支持、情緒發洩 、個人調適、建立個人自信心、營造良好工作環境、主動與人溝通、把握問題關鍵、落實自我終身學習以及增進本質學能等相關教育心理學的解決方式。
本研究嘗試利用芳香療法，探討精油吸聞後對特教老師身心紓壓的效果。受測對象為新北市板橋區33位特教教師，第一週不使用精油，量測上課前(約上午8時)與上課後(約下午4時)各項生理指標-心智疲勞評估(NASA-TLX)、血壓、心搏速率(Heart Rate，HR)，以及心率變異( Heart Rate Variability，HRV) 指標-低頻功率(Low Frequency Power，ln LF)、高頻功率(High Frequency Power，ln HF)、常規化低頻功率比(Normalized-ln LF%)以及低高頻功率比(Ratio of Low Frequency to High Frequency- ln LF/ln HF)。第二週於上課期間，上、下午各吸聞玫瑰、薰衣草與佛手柑等比例混合之複方精油4～5次，再測量上述各項生理指標與心率變異指標。
研究結果顯示，一天當中，以項鍊式吸聞瓶吸聞精油8～10次，經過5個工作天後，心智疲勞指數、收縮壓、舒張壓、心搏速率、ln LF(低頻功率)、n LF(常規化低頻功率比)、ln LF/ln HF(低高頻功率比)均顯著下降，而 ln HF(高頻功率)則顯著上升。
綜合上述實驗量測結果，本研究發現以項鍊式吸聞瓶吸聞玫瑰、薰衣草與佛手柑等比例混合之複方精油，對於消除心智疲勞及身心之放鬆確有顯著之功效。Health Promoting School is an educational policy which has been actively set into action recently in Taiwan. Every junior high school and every elementary school are doing their utmost to develop school health promoting to promote both body and mind of teachers and students.
The goal of our Health Promoting School mostly focuses on the health promoting of students, like eyesight care, oral cavity sanitation, the effectiveness of health, smoking prevention, betel nut prevention, sexual education (including AIDS prevention) and others such as the right ways to take the medicine. As to the concern of teachers' health is seldom mentioned.
Students' efficient learning at school is not just their own learning attitude, ways of learning, and learning interests, but connects more to teachers' teaching accomplishment, teaching proficiency, and teaching enthusiasm. Actually, teachers' body and mind are more concerned with the efficiency of teaching, and special education teachers are the ones who have the most workload. Except for teaching special education students to adjust to their lives and to cultivate their ability to take care of themselves, teachers also need to teach them practical ability in language and math so that these students can possess the ability to live individually. However, students don't cooperate to teachers all the time and don't improve well. This low-achievement work not only decreases special education teachers' enthusiasm at work but also influences their body and mind.
Among many documents, the way for most special education teachers to relieve pressure is to seek support from colleagues and administrative units, vent their feelings, adjust themselves to a new situation, build personal confidence, create a pleasant working environment, communicate with people actively, grasp the crux of a problem, fulfill lifelong learning and promote the related psychology and solutions of self-learning nature ability.
This study tries to use aromatherapy to discuss the effectiveness on special education teachers after they smell the essential oil.The experimental subjects are 33 special education teachers in Banqiao District, New Taipei City. The essential oil was not used on the first week. Before the experiment and class (about 8 am) and after class (about 4 pm) every physiological index-NASA-TLX, blood pressure, Heart Rate (HR) Heart Rate Variability index (HRV), Low Frequency Power (ln LF), High Frequency Power (ln HF), Normalized-n LF, Ratio of Low Frequency to High Frequency (LF/HF). The second week was during the class, the experimental subjects smell the essential oil of rose, lavender, and bergamot blending flavor four to five times, and then measure the physiological index and Heart Rate Variability index.
The result of the study shows that smelling the essential oil inside the necklace bottle eight to ten times after five workdays, the teachers' NASA-TLX, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Heart Rate,ln LF,ln LF%, and ln LF/ln HF all evidently decreased, and ln HF are evidently increased.
To sum up the experimental results above, the study found that smelling the essential oil of rose, lavender, and bergamot blending flavor inside the necklace bottle is beneficial to release mental stress and relax body and mind. |
